Structure
Of the three –
substance, structure, style – I believe the most important is structure. Organizing information for maximum learning effectiveness is what every great presenter strives for. You want your listeners to say, “Hey, you know what, I get it. I now understand why this product, or this company, or this idea is superior”. You want them to learn. It is, therefore, essential that you structure your information in a way that is most conducive to learning.
Get started by outlining.
Outlines do three very important things, all of which are essential to learning. First, they determine sequence. A comes before B, D follows C. Second they illustrate priority. This point is really important, this point is not so important; this is a supporting point of importance. Third, they show relationship.
Sequence, priority and relationship, taken as a whole, constitutes the structure of a presentation. It is absolutely essential to learning and to solid understanding.
Remember the importance of
taxonomy, as an orderly way of describing things. Everything living in nature can be classified by the binomial nomenclature system of taxonomy. Similarly, great presentations all provide the intellectual framework to allow the listener to easily understand how the point that you have just made fits into the entire proposition that you are presenting. Contrast that to the repetitive and endless series of bullet-points contained in so many Power Point presentations.
Equally important is the
determination of the unifying theme. What do you want every visual, every paragraph, and every point to support? Decide on the key theme that you want to drive home. Every slide or visual used should be tested against the following question: does this support the proposition that I am making to my audience? If it doesn’t, remove it or revise it. Every visual should support the unifying theme.
It is a gross simplification to say,
“Tell them what you are going to tell them, tell them and then tell them what you told them” but it is abused and forgotten, as much as anything in teaching and presenting. It is rarely done and when it is done, it is rarely done well. The longer the presentation, the more important it is for your listeners to understand where you are taking them.
Remember that one of the ways that you can link back to that unifying theme is to
make the transitions powerful. When you transition from one thought to the next, it ought to be done in such a manner that it sets the stage for the next point you are making or position that you are taking. It should be a mini-summary of the preceding point and it should provide the intellectual bridge to your next point and to the unifying theme.
Always try to be, (to use a buzz word phrase from the e-marketing industry), “
contextually relevant”. Seek to present within the context of the listeners. Think about that great line in ‘To Kill a Mockingbird’, where Atticus and Scout are speaking and she asks Atticus, why people behave with such great hate and bigotry. Atticus replies, “You know Scout, you never really know a person, until you walk around in their shoes”. You must always remember to walk a mile in your listener’s shoes. Determine the issues that mater to them and why they should care about you are saying.
Nearly all average presentations answer the ‘what’ questions; excellent presentations always answer the ‘so what’. You must
close the logic loop. You should take your listeners on a dialectic journey, that posits: if fact 1, 2 and 3 are true; then A, B and C must also be true. Some also call this the “if-then proposition”. The logic loop allows your listeners to draw their own conclusions with your guidance. This technique encourages listener involvement by intellectually engaging them and leading them to accept your conclusion. Listen to great speakers; it is a technique that is used often.
During your presentation, you should to
be informed but don’t be presumptuous. Don’t take it upon yourself to define what your listeners ought to know. Allow them the flexibility to interpret. Guide them, help them, but give them flexibility and always watch out for assumptions. Assume sometimes if you must, but always try to verify when it is possible to do so.
Remember the universal selling proposition or USP; this is sometimes called the differential advantage. It is like the Seder question, ‘Why is this night different from any other?’ It is the ultimate distinction. You must be able to do the same thing. Why is your product, your capability, your company, your idea superior? Not, why is it pretty good, not why is it sort of OK, but why is it different? Why is it distinctive? You must answer that and to the extent that you can make it clear and simple, so much the better.
Think about Federal Express, when that brilliant notion was conceived our frame of reference was Parcel Post, with all the slowness and bureaucracy that came along with it.
Federal Express fundamentally changed an industry and told us about it in a very simple and memorable way. If you “absolutely, positively” need it over night, send Federal Express. Try to
make a promise, it is not always possible of course, but try to present your USP in terms of a promise, because when you make a promise, it’s memorable and it’s simple.
Avoid throw away statements. Platitudes like “cutting edge technology” or “state of the art infrastructure” are nearly worthless, so don’t waste your time by including them in your presentation. If you are not clear on what that distinctive advantage is, or what your universal selling proposition is, take the time to work it out, because it is absolutely essential to having the presentation remembered and your proposition accepted.
Be aware of life of the presentation after the fact. A copy is left, another copy is made, it is sent to a boss; it is sent to a boss’s boss – you never know what is going to happen to presentation after you have given it. Therefore, be mindful of where it may go after it has been delivered. This places extra importance on items of convention such as grammar, spelling, punctuation, and pagination.
Finally as it relates to structure, make sure that you exercise basics in
follow-up. It could be a courtesy call, it could be a follow-up email note, some presenters are great on this and others never do it. It sounds simple; many times it’s not done.
Next time we'll explore
Style.
All the best,
Ray